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The Next Big Thing: From the Newton to Smartphone... to a Smartchip Implant?

Just last week while at a friend’s home, I noticed an interesting device from the past – an Apple Newton, circa mid-1990s – a device way ahead of its time. An early personal digital assistant (PDA) based on the 32-bit ARM 610 processor on 1.2um CMOS process, running at 20-33Mhz with battery life of over 30 hours of continuous use. There’s still quite a following on this extraordinary device that even featured handwriting recognition.

Fast forward to present day. Now, we have the latest smartphones – mobile computing platforms featuring a PDA, camera, GPS, WiFi, web browser, touchscreen and of course, cell phone. The typical advanced smartphone is based on the ARM® CortexTM-A9 processor core on 45nm to 28nm process technologies, running at or greater than 1GHz with limited battery life of approximately 10 hours max.

Whoa …..so what happened to the battery life?? Granted there are phenomenally greater features and performance, at the cost of power, i.e. 40x in performance from the Newton but one-third ...

Energy Efficiency and Air Conditioning - Part 2: ARM Cortex-A7

ARM Cortex-A7 processor…It's all about right-sized equipment.
In Part 1 of this blog we saw how right-sizing of air conditioning is vitally important because it performs three different functions simultaneously: Cooling, dehumidification and ventilation. Increases in efficiency could be obtained by separating out these three functions and optimizing them independently. As we saw last time, pumping air through ducts is inefficient due to the wasted pumping energy. You could use a hydronic system like a traditional underfloor heating system as is common in northern Europe, but with cooling in the ceiling as well as heating in the floor. Pumping water is a more efficient way to move energy than air. Even though the water pipe is physically smaller than an air duct, in terms of thermal energy transfer capacity it's a fatter pipe. But this wouldn't dehumidify or ventilate, so you'd still need a very small A/C system with air ducts to provide these functions. Duct size and pumping losses would be much lower than a pure ducted central air system though...

Combining large and small compute engines - ARM Cortex-A7

Today the ARM Cortex-A7 processor was announced…the power of big.Little processing is finally realized!

I drive a Honda Fit, mainly for the fuel efficiency, on a 20 mile city street commute. Sometimes I wish my car had a faster engine, but most of the time I’m happy to drive for high gas mileage. But I have to say I was a reluctant convert to economy cars; I often find myself longing for the performance of a Porsche or BMW, but I only really want that performance a small percentage of the time I’m driving. Wouldn’t it be great if it were possible to drive a car with the average efficiency of a 4-cylinder engine, a car that could switch to a high performance of a turbocharged V8 engine for the small percentage of time you actually wanted peak performance? What if the average fuel economy was closer to the 4-cylinder and the peak performance was closer to that of the turbo V8?

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Designing an ARM Based SoC: How to Meet Your Power Budget

ARM IP and ARM processor usage is pervasive across multiple segments of the electronics industry. As shown in Figure 1, each of these market segments have unique design challenges and analysis drivers. For example, a SoC targeting a mobile handset or tablet will require high-performance, while still meeting the overall power budget. Memory and I/O IP on the other hand, must be designed for immunity to noise that is coupled via the power grid routing, the package, or the substrate. SoCs targeting automotive or medical industries must meet high reliability standards and minimize their electromagnetic interface (EMI) signature.

Attached Image

Figure 1: Market segment specific design considerations for an ARM IP based SoC.


Using a power and noise budgeting methodology...

Hot Chips Takes a Walk Down Memory Lane - Part 1

Recently I gave a keynote presentation at the Hot Chips conference at Stanford University entitled “ARM Processor Evolution: Bringing High Performance to Mobile Devices”. In my talk I covered three main topics. First, how computing has evolved over the last 30 years from its desk bound origins to the ultra mobile world we know today. Second I talked about ARM’s role in that evolution and some of our early experiences of mobile devices. Finally, I spoke about some of the challenges I see ahead of us. In this blog I will give a recap of my presentation. Here in part 1 I’ll cover the history, and in part 2 look to the future.

Back to the 80’s
There is no doubt that personal computing has come a long way in the last 30 years. In my presentation I started by looking at the leading mobile devices from the early 80’s, namely the Osborne 1 and the Motorola DynaTAC. Launched in 1981, the Osborne 1 is widely recognized as the first portable computer. Weighing in at a solid 24.5lbs, it would be a brave man who carried that on a round-the-world business trip, esp...

Mainstream Technologies Fuel the Internet of Things Revolution

There is an old saying that no matter where you are in the world you are never more than three feet away from a spider. I can’t tell you if this is true, although my wife hopes it isn’t. However it is probably a fact of life that you are never more than three feet away from a silicon chip manufactured on a mainstream technology process (250nm-90nm). Take a look around you right now. The computer screen you are reading this blog on is driven by display drivers manufactured on a mainstream technology node. That mobile phone you just used has several chips manufactured on mainstream nodes for battery management, power control and display functions. Your GPS device, tablet, coffee maker, microwave oven, PMP, video game player, and even the toys your kids are playing with are all powered by mainstream technology. As more of these products incorporate ARM-based microcontroller and microprocessors combined with wireless technology the application goes beyond an internet of ...

"Wouldn't it be interesting if we..." - Giving Birth to 'Elba'

“Wouldn’t it be interesting if we....” That’s the way many step changes have started in ARM. In the next four blogs I’d like to take this opportunity to tell you about just one of those, we called it “The Elba Program”. The Elba program is just coming to its end, but its effect is starting to be seen in various places across the web as new markets and devices are starting to appear.

First, a very basic history lesson. ARM processors really took off as the processor that powered the first mobile phones. Phones as I’m sure you know need to be turned on to receive a call, and until more recently most calls were fairly short in comparison to the time a phone sat in what was called standby mode. This requirement quickly became the dominant characteristic for embedded processors and drove an entire branch of the semiconductor industry to look at manufacturing devices that consumed as little energy as possible when in standby at the cost of higher energy consumption when active. At the fabrication level, this technology gained a geometry label “LP” (low power), to differentiate it from the “G” (generic) process that was used by the more general purpose microprocessors.
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