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The Continuing Hazards of Dhrystone

Many years ago now (more than I like to admit) I wrote a paper on the hazards of Dhrystone, both in terms of its very narrow scope (the loop has only about 400 instructions, more than 20% of which are within two C library string functions) and because there is absolutely no policing of the strict and clear rules that were originally laid down by the author.

At the time it was a very useful exercise, it helped us talk through with customers what to check for so that there was a fair comparison made from product to product. Until quite recently I always felt that we should stick to the rules, not keen to quote anything other than 100% clean, legal numbers. However, now Dhrystone has become a more and more misused marketing tool so a range of results from legal to extreme has become necessary if customers are going to use it as part of their benchmark process.

Before I go on, here is a quick reminder of those original rules as I read them:
Source code used must be completely unaltered with no hand optimisation allowed, other than in the standard C library functions.The two source code modules must be compiled independently and then linked. In the ARM world that means multi-file compilation is banned.No modifications to headers, adjusting them to be ANSI ...

Design West: BeagleBone Black moustaches, IoT ale and GoPro prizes

After a long and bleak winter in the UK it was great to arrive back into San Francisco and be greeted by some great sunny weather. The McEnery Conference Centre in San Jose was once again the host to the Design West conference. The building has had a bit of an overhaul since I was last here, and while there is still some construction work taking place outside, the inside is looking greatly improved with a much more modern feel to it.

The show was pretty mixed in terms of how busy it was on the show floor but I happened across this blog from Max Maxfield (who describes himself is his bio as: “Clive ‘Max’ Maxfield is six feet tall, outrageously handsome, English and proud of it. In addition to being a hero, trendsetter, and leader of fashion, he is widely regarded as an expert in all aspects of electronics (at least by his mother)” over on the all programmable planet website who detailed his busy schedule. Hopefully not everyone is having such a busy time! I’ve been meaning to meet with Max for a while as I find his blogs most entertaining and he is also a fellow Sheffield Hallam University alumni but have never managed to catch up with him – from the schedule I can se...

Embedded World 2013 Microcontroller Review

Embedded World 2013 in Nuremberg was a very successful event for ARM and our partners. My blog summarizes the highlights for microcontrollers and the related development tools.

A preview of the upcoming Keil MDK-ARM Version 5 was shown at the ARM booth. MDK Version 5 will introduce Software Packs, a new system to manage software components for embedded applications. Visitors have seen this new functionality, as well as the recently introduced enhanced editor capabilities.



A laser show controlled by an ARM Cortex-M4 based hardware was an eyecatcher at the ARM booth. The system is designed with...

Everything from Cortex-M IoT to quadcore Cortex-A15 System Dev Suites at EW

Phew, the second day of Embedded World is at a close. In yesterday’s blog we had the chance to meet up with Chris Styles from ARM, Terrance Bar from Oracle, Paul Zoratti from Xilinx and Dr. Majd Zoorob from PhotonStar, and I only walked 5793 steps – today I just about doubled that with 10502 steps and I haven’t yet ventured out into the brisk weather for some dinner and a well-deserved Weissbier!

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Today I chatted with ...

Embedded World - The Final Countdown

We are in the final countdown to the annual pilgrimage to Nuremburg for the Embedded World 2013 show and there’s a lot happening this year (especially within the ARM Ecosystem) so time to ensure you’re prepared.

Firstly, make sure you have pre-registered for the event. This should save you a few Euros if you were just planning on turning up the day of. If you’re attending the technical conference itself, then you can look forward to 18 classes and 28 sessions over three days, including one presented by me called CortexTM-M processors and the Internet of Things on Thursday February 28th at 14:30.

Secondly, pack a warm jacket – long term forecast predicts a maximum of 5 degrees Celsius with ‘some clouds’. My colleagues who will be over in Barcelona for Mobile World Congress will get double the temperatures but will need an ...

Shrink Your MCU code size with GCC ARM Embedded 4.7

GNU Tools for ARM Embedded Processors, or GCC ARM Embedded for short, version 4.7 is available HERE. The previously released version, 4.6 had over 30,000 downloads (see HERE). As well as new features such as MAC OS hosting, GDB enhancement, and other optimizations, the most exciting feature in version 4.7 is the reduction in generated code size.

Why code size? The reason, and something that most MCU software developers already know, lies in the extreme resource limitation and cost sensitivity of MCU programming. For those who haven’t experienced this, here are some quotations from some of our users:

"Please please please remember that we are seeing more and more memory limited parts in this world - for example, 4KB flash, 1KB RAM - and every word of “stack space” used, never mind the flash size consumed by code."

"If the total code size exceeds the internal flash memory of the MCU (as in my case) I mu...

The un’NXP’ected LPC800

The busy time of Electronica and ARM Technology Symposia is now behind us, and I finally get the opportunity to have a deeper look the latest release of NXP: their mini-tiny-LPC800. NXP being one of our lead-partners on the ARM® Cortex™-M0+, and also previously on the Cortex-M0, I was really excited to see what they came up with and how they took advantage of our latest Cortex-M processor.

First of all, I must admit I wasn’t expecting them to set this family on the very lowend, even below their Cortex-M0 LPC1100 series. When we designed the Cortex-M0+ we aimed at offering at least as much the Cortex-M0 does, while adding capabilities to support low-power design even better and to address a wider scope of applications. I was anticipating an upgrade of ...

Secure Transactions Using NFC and LPC Microcontrollers

Near Field Communications (NFC) is becoming more pervasive in our society, driven in large part by NFC chips inclusion on many Android phones. As consumers become more aware of NFC technology, demand for NFC features on a variety of other applications increases. Ticketing, security access, loyalty cards and closed-loop micro systems are just a few examples of applications that are adopting NFC technology.

NXP is the world leader in Near Field Communications, with a full portfolio of secure microcontrollers and a strong innovation pipeline. 1.2 Billion people live in urban areas where NXP’s contactless ticketing solutions make public transit more convenient and efficient, and 200M+ people rely on NXP technology to enter their offices and hotels every day.

In order to help our customers implement NFC in their applications, NXP offers design examples on 3 different ARM® Cortex™-M cores. These 3 examples share a common design “backbone” made up of a contact and/or contactless card reader communicating over a serial port to an ARM microcontroller, which either drives a touchscreen LCD panel for user interface or talks to a PC-based back-end system via UART or Et...

ARM Cortex-M MCUs: New Partners, Resources, Tools & Books

2012 has been like the last few years: very rich in new ARM® Cortex™-M microcontrollers as well as collateral and tools making it easier to make the most of them. Here is a summary of the year so far, if you have missed any episode!

We will look at the latest member of the family, the ARM Cortex-M0+. Also we will give you an update on the CMSIS (Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard) before looking at what ARM Partners have been up to. Finally we will advise you three reference books for Cortex-M developers.

ARM Cortex-M0+ processor
First, big news for ARM and the embedded community with the launch of the world’s most energy-efficient processor: the ARM Cortex-M0+ core.

For ...

ARM Cortex-M0 Swiftly Rides the Airwaves

When I first saw the name of the series from Nordic Semiconductor, namely nRF51, I thought to myself “Oh God! These guys are doing great RF, but still use the good old 8051 processor -- what a shame!” Fortunately, I was misled by the family naming, and discovered Nordic picked just the right thing: an ARM CortexTM-M0!

Taking a bit more time to go into the details published by Nordic, I expect it to generate quite a lot of interest. With support for the latest protocols like Bluetooth Low-Energy and ANT+, great RF performance in terms of RX sensitivity and TX power, this series should be compelling to most companies looking for an RF link for medical, building automation or consumer applications. And last but not least, the achieved low-power consumption combined with limited peak consumption make it well suited for battery operation, making this family a great candidate to connect devices wirelessly to the ...

ARM Cortex-M0+: More than a low-power processor

This week sees the launch on the Cortex-M0+ processor-based Freescale Kinetis L family of MCUs just two months after the official launch of this latest addition to the Cortex-M processor series.
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The close partnership between ARM and Freescale, one of the Cortex-M0+ lead-partners, enabled them to be extremely fast in launching their first MCU series. The processor features also triggered the interest of many other partners and we expect more Cortex-M0+ processor-based products to come. To see why, one needs only to look at the processor features.

When the ARM Cortex™-M0+ processor was launched in March, many of the headlines focused on the lower power consumption and energy efficiency. If this was the only differentiator, then this new processor might perhaps have been called “Cortex-M0-...

A Face for the Internet of Things

The Internet revolution has connected billions of PCs. There is now a second revolution in Internet connectivity. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is happening all around us. A wave of billions and billions of devices are being connected. Devices, as simple as a light bulb and as complex as a jet engine, become more manageable once they have become connected devices. By becoming connected, devices can be controlled from a distance. Their settings and operations can be changed based on input from other connected devices. They can transmit information about their status, for example their location, or whether they need maintenance. The value of connecting devices is coming to greatly outweigh the rapidly decreasing costs of interconnecting them.

Connectedness brings the option of computer control.

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The rapidly growing Internet of Things

Devices that were previously standalone are opening to the creativity of a new generation of programmers. We can now have apps for devices. This is opening an entirely new world to developers. With their creativity unleashed, they are adding exciting new functionality to what have often been rather dull, unconnected devices.

Need for user interfaces with more complex information
With conne...

Design West 2012: Showcasing ARM based designs from Cortex-M0+ to Cortex-A8

I don’t think the prospect of rain will affect attendance at the annual tech event now called Design West, which used to be ESC or the Embedded Systems Show - I’m still getting to grips with the name change. But with 250+ companies attending the show, many of whom are part of the ARM® Connected Community® (CC), I’m sure there will be some great technology to see and talk about. Take a look at the show floor map with the ARM Connected Community Partners highlighted to help you plan your route around the show.

At the show this week, Freescale and ARM are demoing CortexTM-M0+ silicon at booth 1607, following up from the launch event that took place a couple of weeks ago.

I first chatted with Thomas Ensergueix, Product manager at A...

Making Motor Control Easy with Low Cost, Fully Featured MCU Boards

Motor efficiency continues to increase in importance as governments mandate power reductions. But for many engineers, trying to navigate through the myriad of motor control options, including brushless DC (BLDC), brushless AC (BLAC), stepper, and dual-brushed DC motors can be a daunting task. Many times, microcontroller suppliers offer a dedicated motor control evaluation board that addresses only one of these motor types. This makes it difficult for a customer to compare different motor control options without having to purchase and work with different evaluation boards.

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To address this issue and to support fast time-to-market for motor-control applications, NXP offers the low-cost LPCXpresso Motor Control Kit, a universal development platform created in partnership with Embedded Artists. It is an ideal way to prototype a motor-control project or simply explore motor-control functionality. The flexibility of the board allows users to evaluate brushless DC or AC, stepper or even dual-brushed DC motors. The...

Play Before You Pay with Complete MCU Application Development

If you've ever walked into a local bookstore in China or Taiwan, then you've probably noticed that nearly everything's wrapped in plastic. Not just special collector's editions, mind you, but all the everyday books and magazines, too. I guess I can see the reasoning: either buy it or don't. But for me, shrinkwrapping is not the right avenue to display something. How do I know if I want to spend money on a book if I can't read a bit of it first? I prefer to explore a little, be sure something's worth reading, before I commit.

I mention this because it reminds me of how most 32-bit MCU vendors promote their development tools. Designers are often forced to pay thousands of dollars up front, for evaluation tools, before they can explore features first hand, on the bench. They're made to pay a lot of money before they can play, and that's pretty much the same as making me buy a book before I can read it.

Take a fully-featured test drive
For most designers, it's usually not enough to compare data sheets, review benchmarks, and attend a sales presentation. A device may look good on paper, but how does it perform in a real-world application? Most often, the best way to figure that out is by giving the device a test drive using some sort of design tool. ...

EW Wrap Up: ARM Partners Expand MCUs in Video, Capacitive Touch & Mixed Signal

I’m now back in a nice and sunny Cambridge and managed to find a few minutes to recap on the success of the 10th Embedded World show in Nuremburg last week. Following my updates on day one and day two (links are below), this wrap up blog and video give you an overall view of the show right from the beginning to a peaceful ending chilling out on the ARM Cortex™-M3 massage chair, and all of the other good bits in between.

Day 1: ARM Partners Expand MCU Platforms in Industrial, Energy & Motor Control Apps
Day 2: ARM at EW2012: Computer-on-Modules, Smart Grid, Wireless & Massage Chairs

...

ARM Cortex-M0+ Takes Flight on the Wings of Freescale's Kinetis L Series

World-wide sales of 8- and 16-bit MCUs continue to head south while their 32-bit counterparts, in particular, 32-bit ARM® CortexTM series processor-based counterparts, are charting a distinctly northerly flight path. The reasons for this are well understood - more and more developers are discovering the benefits of the ARM Cortex architecture, the myriad of MCU solutions on offer and the vast 3rd third party ecosystem that provides nearly unlimited, off-the-shelf design options (read and go home early days) for ‘the software guys’.

What’s not so clear is that while this trend is all well and good for the seasoned 32-bit developer, the humble 8- and 16-bit guy who since time immemorial has trusted his pay cheque to a simple, low-power, low-cost, no-fuss MCU, is still in many cases, reluctant to change. And who can blame him – the thought of a bloated BOM cost, sky-rocketing run currents and a prolonged development cycle littered with stacks and stacks of…well…stacks and other strange ...

ARM Cortex-M0+ and the importance of a plus sign

Just announced the ARM® CortexTM-M0+ processor, the developers key to ultra low-power MCUs.

There are a number of the thesaurus alternatives for the word ‘plus’ (try it). You will find adjectives including desirable; positive; advantageous and good, nouns including advantage; bonus; benefit; good thing and boon. With the possible exception of the last, all are very good alternatives to the plain old ‘plus’ but could possibly have caused headaches for the ARM branding department when coming up with a name for the new CortexTM-M series processor. Imagine the ARM Cortex-M0 Good Thing processor!

So for the sake of simplicity ARM settled for the Cortex-M0+ processor. Despite the simple name the new processor features a number of ground-breaking ‘good things’ which promise to enable many new opportunities for ARM and ...

ARM Partners Expand MCU Platforms in Industrial, Energy & Motor Control Apps

Welcome to my wrap up of the first day of Embedded World (EW) 2012, once again at the Nuremburg Messe, on a chilly February day.

I discovered recently that prior to becoming known in the nineteenth century as the "industrial heart" of Bavaria, Nuremberg (sometimes called Nurnberg) was known for its ‘traditional gingerbread products, sausages, and handmade toys’. I’ve tried the Nurnberg sausages many times (with a great dollop of strong mustard and sauerkraut) and they’re great. I will be on the lookout for more gingerbread related products this week – although saying that I did receive a larger gingerbread heart for winning on the Fujitsu ARM Cortex-M3 fruit machine last year.

There have been a fair few new product announcements around the show this year, across the broad range of the ARM Connected Community (CC) Partners, now more than 900 members! Find them at EW with ...

Hey Hobbyists, dust off your breadboards - DIP package is back!

Really, it is a blast from the past. Soon you can get ARM Cortex-M0 microcontrollers in a DIP28 package, along with SOP20, TSSOP20 and TSSOP28 packages. Recently NXP announced the new additions of the LPC1100 microcontroller family, which will have these packages available. The new announcement further extended the applications of the ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers range from low cost devices to high-ended dual core microcontroller LPC4300 (...

ARM TechCon Day 3: The Embedded Side – Everything Cortex-M and more…

Day three of ARM Techcon 2011 was a much sunnier affair than the previous day as the record audiences flocked again to the busy exhibition floor and technical sessions – I think it’s time we all agreed that ARM Embedded is moving from ‘the beginning’ (as I alluded to in a blog a year or so ago) to a real player and there is so much more on the way – check out Richard York’s blog on the latest details about Cortex-M success and shipments.

As you may have already seen in the ARM TechCon blog from day 3, the day started off with Mike Muller’s keynote where he introduced 64-b...

ARM Embedded Success: Freescale, NXP, TI, ST & Record Breaking Rubik's Cube

A misty Santa Clara morning greeted the start day two of the 7th ARM TechCon. The focus of day two and three is on software and system development, following on from the hugely success day one which focused on chip design. Check out yesterday’s blog for more details ARM Partner Collaboration in Full Force at Chip Design Day, ARM TechCon 2011.

ARM’s success in Embedded really stood out today amongst the many ARM Connected Community partner exhibit booths and the many technical papers that were presented at the show today.

On the packed show floor (people were queuing to get in when the doors opened at 10:30), one of the first highlights greeting attendees was the CubeStormer II, the ARM powered Lego robot-based Rubik’s cube solver designed by ARM engineer David Gilday...

The Year of the ARM Cortex-M4 MCU: A Wrap-up of ESC Boston

Last week at ESC Boston was a fun packed week for ARM Partners, and the first mention must go to Cypress Gen4 TrueTouch touch screen controllers. These look to be extremely impressive in terms of accuracy, response time, low power and noise reduction capability. And they are of course ARM Cortex-M processor-based. Check out the introductory video below and the product web page.



But what ESC Boston hammered home is that this is the year of the ARM Cortex-M4 MCU. As soon as you walke...

USB: Can it really be easy?

Do you have a need to add USB to your embedded system, yet don't have the time to become an expert on USB? If so you're not alone. When you dig into the nuances of USB you will quickly find that developing a USB-enabled product is a fairly demanding task. While the hardware is simple enough the software can be quite complex. Firmware engineers find that developing the proper software on the device side requires extensive knowledge of the USB interface specification, and implementation of standard device classes like Human Interface Design (HID) or Mass Storage Class (MSC) is an additional layer of complexity, and what's the best use of your time? Becoming an expert on USB, or developing the core application of your product?

For engineers looking to rapidly implement a USB interface using HID or MSC I have found a refreshingly simple solution from NXP. The Cortex-M3 processor-based LPC1343 and t...

ARM Cortex-M - How could you choose your microcontroller?

As Richard York pointed out in his recent blog, the ARM Cortex-M processor series is now 7 years old during which time it has achieved huge success. Its instruction set makes it extremely suited to microcontrollers (MCUs) and embedded applications, but you can also find it as a companion processor to beefier Cortex-A processor-based applications. An example is the Texas Instruments OMAP™ 5 platform which includes two ARM Cortex-M4 processors for offloading real-time processing from the Cortex-A15 processor to improve low-level control and responsiveness of mobile devices.

In this post, we will concentrate on standalone MCU devices and highlight a few items to consider when choosing the most appropriate processor for your next design. As the ARM Cortex-M series has hundreds of references available, we will not be able to pinpoint the exact part number you need, but rather help your selection.

For this, we will look at:

CPU Choice - On-chip pe...

Cortex-M Series – spectacular growth and progress

The IP business is a very competitive world and arguably the one area more competitive than any other is IP for the deeply embedded market. Here numerous processor architectures and IP vendors are each competing for their slice of the pie. However, the fact is that the boat sailed on a new architecture for products such as MCUs (and now mixed-signal devices) a few years ago and that boat is ARM. That isn’t to say we are complacent of course and we have lots of new technology in development to keep our customers’ product roadmaps expanding with new processors from ARM.

My team drives product marketing for the processors that are most frequently found in MCUs and other embedded applications, the Cortex-M series, and we have been doing that since 2008. The first member of the series, the Cortex-M3 processor, was launched in 2005 and it was just getting into production with its first custo...

Cortex-M System Design Kit - Now what to do with two more wishes?

Many recent licensees of ARM Cortex-M are new to the ARM architecture. For them, a design kit that is tailor-made for Cortex-M processors and delivers a short learning curve, reduced time to market and enables their designers to focus on developing features that provide differentiation and value, would be a dream come true! Lo and behold, with the swish of our magic wand and a puff of smoke, ARM has recently delivered the Cortex-M System Design Kit (CMSDK) which delivers all of the above. The kit contains reusable IP, hardware design examples and software examples to enable Cortex-M system designers to develop complex SoC designs and bring them to silicon faster.

The CMSDK package
The CMSDK is available in two editions: the Cortex-M0 System Design Kit, which supports the ARM Cortex-M0 processor, and the Cortex-M System Design Kit, which supports the ARM Cortex-M0, Cort...

ESC Day 2: ON Semi new MCU, Phytec SOMs and Atmel demos

Included in the highlights from the Embedded Systems Conference in the very sunny and warm San Jose this week were some new product announcements by ARM.

CoreSight SoC-400 is a highly configurable debug and trace solution for complex SoC designs, check out my colleague Alex Growcoot's blog about this over on the @SoftwareOnARM ARM blog pages.

DS-5™ Professional Edition builds on the success of the ARM Compiler, integrating it in a complete suite of Eclipse-based software development tools, including the DS-5 Debugger and ...

EDN Awards Galore at the Embedded Systems Conference San Jose 2011

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EDN Innovation Award

What a great start to the Embedded Systems Conference in San Jose this week as ARM Cortex technology won a flurry of awards at the 21st EDN Innovation Awards show on Monday night. I was lucky enough to be at the event and, on behalf of ARM, picked up the award for the Best Processor for the ARM Cortex-M4.

The award winning ARM technology came in the form of the EM773 energy-metering IC from NXP Semiconductors which utilises a ...

ARM at ESC2011: Energy Micro, GainSpan, Future Designs, Nuvoton, Xilinx

The Embedded Systems Conference (ESC) is only a week away and excitement among ARM Partners attending is at fever pitch. In fact the buzz surrounding the compelling new demos and product announcements from ARM Partners promises to be deafening.

At the ARM Partner Pavilion on booth # 1308 Energy Micro,
GainSpan, Future Designs, Nuvoton, Crank Software, Cadence, and Microsemi will be highlighting their latest and greatest ARM product-based innovations, while elsewhere other ARM Partners, such as ...

All you ever wanted to know about the Cortex-M0 – but were afraid to ask!

“The pen may be mightier than the sword”, so said playwright Edward Bulwer-Lytton in1839 (remember that for your next pub quiz). Fast forward 115 years and the phrase “The book is mightier than a few hours head-scratching and googling” is certainly more appropriate, especially when the book in question is 'The Definitive Guide to the ARM® Cortex™-M0 Processor.'

The guide, written by Joseph Yiu which is now available from all good bookshops, is required reading for embedded software developers, embedded product designers and students taking an embedded systems design course where the ARM Cortex-M0 processor is used. 'The Definitive Guide to the ARM Cortex-M0' follows the success of Joseph’s previous bestseller, 'The Definitive Guide to the ARM Cortex-M3', now on its second edition!

As well as providing engineers with a thorough understanding of how the Cortex-M0 processor works, with detailed information on the programmer’...

ARM & ARM Partners at the Center of Embedded World – News and Video Review

It’s taken me a whole week to get over the buzz and excitement (and lots and lots of walking between Hall 9 and Hall 12!) that took place at the Embedded World in Nuremburg just over a week ago, although I didn’t have much time to put my feet up as I came straight home to co-present a webinar about the new Cortex-R processors that ARM announced a few weeks prior to the show.

I’ve decided to pull together some of the key stories from the show and also highlight some new videos that ARM did throughout the week and are currently collected together under the Embedded World 2011 playlist on the ARMflix YouTube channel. Look the column on the right hand side for the new clips.

The show looked to be as big a success as ever especially for ARM and the vast array of ...

High Performance Low Power MCUs for Talking, Washing and Flying

32-bit microcontrollers continue to move into more every day devices that demand the high performance that a 32-bit architecture can provide in the same power footprint as 8/16-bit architectures. Additionally, OEMs require cost effective solutions to meet consumers’ rising expectations. Consumers unknowingly use ARM microcontrollers every day in devices such as smartphones, washing machines and even airplanes. Embedded World 2011 (EW11) is showcasing innovative ARM-powered solutions meeting these demands from a multitude of ARM Connected Community Partners.

TI highlights MCUs in wireless
It’s no longer just ...
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